|
| |
|
第二节 专业用途不锈钢
一、ISO 标准弹簧用不锈钢丝和钢带
[ISO 6931/1:1994,ISO/2:1989]
1.ISO 标准弹簧用不锈钢丝和钢带的钢号与化学成分,见表5-2-20。
表5-2-20 ISO 弹簧用不锈钢丝和钢带的钢号与化学成分(质量分数) (%) |
| 钢号 |
C
|
Si |
Mn |
P≤ |
S≤ |
Cr |
Mo |
Ni |
其他 |
|
弹簧用钢丝 |
|
X9CrNi18-8
X5CrNiMo17-12-2
X7CrNiAl17-7 |
≤0.12
≤0.07
≤0.09 |
≤1.5
≤1.0
≤1.0 |
≤2.0
≤2.0
≤1.0 |
0.045
0.045
0.045 |
0.030
0.030
0.030 |
16.0-19.0
16.5-18.5
16.0-18.0 |
-
2.0-2.5
- |
6.5-9.5
10.5-13.5
6.5-7.5 |
-
-
Al0.75-1.50 |
|
弹簧用钢带 |
|
X5CrNi18-10
X12CrNi17-7
X6CrNiMo17-12-2
K7CrNiAl17-7 |
≤0.07
≤0.12
≤0.07
≤0.09 |
≤1.0
≤1.5
≤1.0
≤1.0 |
≤2.0
≤2.0
≤2.0
≤1.0 |
0.045
0.045
0.045
0.045 |
0.030
0.030
0.030
0.030 |
17.0-19.0
16.0-18.0
16.5-18.5
16.0-18.0 |
-
≤0.8
2.0-2.5
- |
8.0-11.0
6.0-9.0
10.5-13.5
6.5-7.5 |
-
-
-
Al0.75-1.50 |
|
|
2.ISO 标准弹簧用不锈钢丝的力学性能,见表5-2-21。
表5-2-21 弹簧用不锈钢丝的力学性能 |
|
标称直径
/mm |
抗拉强度/MPa(不小于)
|
|
1级,硬拉状态
|
2级,硬拉状态 |
3级 |
|
正常强度 |
高强度 |
硬拉状态 |
回火状态 |
| ≤0.20 |
2200 |
2350 |
1725
|
1975 |
2275 |
| >0.20≤0.30 |
2150 |
2300 |
1700
|
1950 |
2250 |
| >0.30≤0.40 |
2100 |
2250 |
1675
|
1925 |
2225 |
| >0.40≤0.50 |
205. |
2200 |
1650 |
1900 |
2200 |
| >0.50≤0.65 |
2000 |
2150 |
1625 |
1850 |
2150 |
| >0.65≤0.80 |
1950 |
2100 |
1600 |
1825 |
2125 |
| >0.80≤1.00 |
1900 |
2050 |
1575 |
1800 |
2100 |
| >1.00≤1.25 |
1850 |
2000 |
1550 |
1750 |
2050 |
| >1.25≤1.50 |
1800 |
1950 |
1500 |
1700 |
2000 |
| >1.50≤1.75 |
1750 |
1900 |
1450 |
1650 |
1950 |
| >1.75≤2.00 |
1700 |
1850 |
1400 |
1600 |
1900 |
| >2.00≤2.50 |
1650 |
1750 |
1350 |
1550 |
1850 |
| >2.50≤3.00 |
1600 |
1700 |
1300 |
1500 |
1800 |
| >3.00≤3.50 |
1550 |
1650 |
1250 |
1450 |
1750 |
| >3.50≤4.25 |
1500 |
1600 |
1225 |
1400 |
1700 |
| >4.25≤5.00 |
1450 |
1550 |
1200 |
1350 |
1650 |
| >5.00≤6.00 |
1400 |
1500 |
1150 |
1300 |
1550 |
| >6.00≤7.00 |
1350 |
1450 |
1125 |
1250 |
1500 |
| >7.00≤8.50 |
1300 |
1400 |
1075 |
1200 |
1450 |
| >8.50≤10.00 |
1250 |
1350 |
1050 |
1150 |
1400 |
|
|
3.ISO 标准弹簧用不锈钢带的力学性能,见表5-2-22。
表5-2-22 弹簧用不锈钢带的力学性能 |
| 牌号 |
状态 |
钢带的抗拉强度/MPa
(在下列不同厚度/mm时) |
| 0.10-0.25 |
>0.25-0.50 |
>0.50-0.75
|
>0.75-1.0 |
>1.0-1.5 |
| X5CrNi18-10 |
硬拉
|
1350-1550 |
1250-1450 |
1150-1350 |
1050-1250 |
1000-1200 |
| X12CrNi17-7 |
硬拉(Ⅰ)
硬拉(Ⅱ) |
1700-1900
2000-2200 |
1600-1800
1900-2100 |
1500-1700
1750-1950 |
1400-1600
1650-1850 |
1350-1550
1550-1750 |
| X6CrNiMo17-12-2 |
硬拉 |
1300-1500 |
1200-1400
|
1100-1300 |
1000-1200 |
950-1150 |
| K7CrNiAl17-7 |
硬拉 |
1600-1800 |
1500-1750
|
1450-1650 |
1300-1500 |
1100-1300 |
| 固溶退火 |
800-1000
|
|
|
4.ISO 标准弹簧用不锈钢丝和钢带的弹性模量与刚性模量,见表5-2-22。
表5-2-22 弹簧用不锈钢丝和钢带的弹性模量与刚性模量 |
| 钢号 |
弹性模量/GPa
|
刚性模量/GPa |
|
交货状态
(C)① |
处理状态
(C+T)① |
交货状态
(C)① |
处理状态
(C+T)① |
| 弹簧用钢丝 |
|
X9CrNi18-8
X5CrNiMo17-12-2
X7CrNiAl17-7
X5CrNi18-10
X12CrNi17-7
X6CrNiMo17-12-2
K7CrNiAl17-7 |
180
175
190
185
185
180
190 |
185
180
200
195
195
190
200 |
70
68
73
70
70
68
73 |
73
71
78
73
73
71
78 |
|
|
① C-硬拉或冷轧:C+T-(硬拉或冷轧)+ 回火。
5.ISO 标准弹簧用不锈钢丝和钢带的热处理,见表5-2-24。
表5-2-24 弹簧用不锈钢丝和钢带的热处理 |
| 钢号 |
回火温度
/℃ |
保温时间 |
冷却
介质 |
附注 |
| 弹簧用钢丝 |
|
X9CrNi18-8
X5CrNiMo17-12-2
X7CrNiAl17-7 |
250-425
250-425
450-480 |
30min-4h
30min-4h
30min-1h |
空冷
空冷
空冷 |
- |
| 弹簧用钢带 |
|
X5CrNi18-10
X12CrNi17-7
X6CrNiMo17-12-2
K7CrNiAl17-7 |
250-425
250-425
250-450
480-550 |
30min-4h
30min-4h
30min-4h
1h-2h |
空冷
空冷
空冷
空冷 |
K7CrNiAl17-7钢带的时效
处理:1阶段:(760-
820)℃保温(30-40)
min,水或空冷至120℃以
下;阶段:(480-550)
℃保温(1-2)h,空冷 |
|
|
二、ISO 标准压力容器用奥氏体型不锈钢板和钢带
[ISO 9328/5:1991]
1.ISO 标准压力容器用奥氏体型不锈钢板和钢带的钢号与化学成分,见表5-2-25。
表5-2-25 压力容器用奥氏体型不锈钢板和钢带的钢号与化学成分 (质量分数)(%) |
| 钢号 |
C |
Si |
Mn |
P
≤ |
S
≤ |
Cr |
Mo |
Ni |
其他 |
| X2CrNi8 10 |
≤0.030 |
≤1.00 |
≤2.00 |
0.045 |
0.030 |
17.00-
19.00 |
- |
9.00-
12.00 |
- |
| X2CrNiN18 10 |
≤0.030 |
≤1.00 |
≤2.00 |
0.045 |
0.030 |
17.00-
19.00 |
- |
8.50-
11.50 |
N0.12
0.22 |
| X5CrNi18 9 |
≤0.07 |
≤1.00 |
≤2.00 |
0.045 |
0.030 |
17.00-
19.00 |
- |
8.00-
11.00 |
- |
| X7CrNi18 9 |
0.04-
0.10 |
≤1.00 |
≤2.00 |
0.045 |
0.030 |
17.00-
19.00 |
- |
8.00-
11.00 |
- |
| X6CrNiNb18 10 |
≤0.08 |
≤1.00 |
≤2.00 |
0.045 |
0.030 |
17.00-
19.00 |
- |
9.00-
12.00 |
Nb≥10*%
C≤1.00 |
| X6CrNiTi18 10 |
≤0.08 |
≤1.00 |
≤2.00 |
0.045 |
0.030 |
17.00-
19.00 |
- |
9.00-
12.00 |
Ti≥5*%
C≤0.80 |
| X7CrNiTi18 10 |
0.04-
0.10 |
≤1.00 |
≤2.00 |
0.045 |
0.030 |
17.00-
19.00 |
- |
9.00-
12.00 |
Ti≥5*%
C≤0.80 |
| X7CrNiNb18 10 |
0.04-
0.10 |
≤1.00 |
≤2.00 |
0.045 |
0.030 |
17.00-
19.00 |
- |
9.00-
12.00 |
Nb≥10*%
C≤1.20 |
| X2CrNiMo17 12 |
≤0.030 |
≤1.00 |
≤2.00 |
0.045 |
0.030 |
16.50-
18.50 |
2.00-
2.50 |
11.00-
14.00 |
- |
| X2CrNiMoN17 12 |
≤0.030 |
≤1.00 |
≤2.00 |
0.045 |
0.030 |
16.50-
18.50 |
2.00-
2.50 |
10.50-
13.50 |
N0.12-
0.22 |
| X2CrNiMo17 13 |
≤0.030 |
≤1.00 |
≤2.00 |
0.045 |
0.030 |
16.50-
18.50 |
2.50-
3.00 |
11.50-
14.50 |
- |
| X2CrNiMoN17 13 |
≤0.030 |
≤1.00 |
≤2.00 |
0.045 |
0.030 |
16.50-
18.50 |
2.50-
3.00 |
11.50-
14.50 |
N0.12-
0.22 |
| X2CrNiMoN17 13 5 |
≤0.030 |
≤1.00 |
≤2.00 |
0.045 |
0.030 |
16.50-
18.50 |
4.00-
5.00 |
12.50-
14.50 |
N0.12-
0.22 |
| X5CrNiMo17 12 |
≤0.07 |
≤1.00 |
≤2.00 |
0.045 |
0.030 |
16.50-
18.50 |
2.00-
2.50 |
10.50-
13.50 |
- |
| X5CrNiMo17 13 |
≤0.07 |
≤1.00 |
≤2.00 |
0.045 |
0.030 |
16.50-
18.50 |
2.50-
3.00 |
11.00-
14.00 |
- |
| X7CrNiMo17 12 |
0.04-
0.10 |
≤1.00 |
≤2.00 |
0.045 |
0.030 |
16.50-
18.50 |
2.50-
3.00 |
10.50-
13.50 |
- |
| X7CrNiMoB17 12 |
0.04-
0.10 |
≤1.00 |
≤2.00 |
0.045 |
0.030 |
16.50-
18.50 |
2.50-
3.00 |
10.50-
13.50 |
B0.001-
0.005 |
| X6CrNiMoTi17 12 |
≤0.08 |
≤1.00 |
≤2.00 |
0.045 |
0.030 |
16.50-
18.50 |
2.50-
3.00 |
11.00-
14.00 |
Ti≥5*%
C≤0.80 |
| X6CrNiMoNb17 12 |
≤0.08 |
≤1.00 |
≤2.00 |
0.045 |
0.030 |
16.50-
18.50 |
2.50-
3.00 |
11.00-
14.00 |
Nb≥10*%
C≤1.00 |
| X3CrNiMo18 16 4 |
≤0.030 |
≤1.00 |
≤2.00 |
0.045 |
0.030 |
17.50-
19.50 |
3.00-
4.00 |
11.00-
17.00 |
- |
| X2NiCrMoCu25 20 5 |
≤0.025 |
≤1.00 |
≤2.00 |
0.035 |
0.025 |
19.00-
22.00 |
4.00-
5.00 |
24.00-
27.00 |
Cu1.00-
2.00 |
| X8NiCrAlTi32 21 |
0.05-
0.10 |
≤1.00 |
≤2.00 |
0.030 |
0.020 |
19.00-
23.00 |
- |
30.00-
35.00 |
Al0.15-0.60;
Ti0.15-0.60;
Cu≤0.75 |
| X7NiCrAl32 21 |
≤0.10 |
≤1.00 |
≤2.00 |
0.030 |
0.020 |
19.00-
23.00 |
- |
30.00-
35.00 |
Al0.15-0.60;
Ti0.15-0.60;
Cu≤0.75 |
|
|
2.ISO 标准压力容器用奥氏体型不锈钢板和钢带的热处理与室温力学性能,见表5-2-26。
表5-2-26 压力容器用奥氏体型不锈钢板和钢带的热处理与室温力学性能 |
| 钢号 |
热处理 |
力学性能 |
|
固溶处理温度
/℃ |
冷却
介质① |
ъ
/MPa |
0.2
/MPa |
1.0
/MPa |
δ
(%) |
Akv
/J |
| (不小于) |
| X2CrNi18 10 |
1000-1000
|
w,a |
480-680 |
180 |
215 |
40 |
55 |
| X2CrNiN18 10 |
1000-1000
|
w,a |
550-750 |
270 |
305 |
35 |
55 |
| X5CrNi18 9 |
1000-1000
|
w,a |
500-700 |
195 |
230 |
40 |
55 |
| X7CrNi18 9 |
1050-1120
|
w,a |
490-690 |
195 |
230 |
40 |
55 |
| X6CrNiNb18 10 |
1020-1120
|
w,a |
510-710 |
205 |
240 |
30 |
55 |
| X6CrNiTi18 10 |
1020-1120
|
w,a |
510-710 |
200 |
235 |
35 |
55 |
| X7CrNiTi18 10 |
1050-1120
|
w,a |
490-690 |
175 |
210 |
35 |
55 |
| X7CrNiNb18 10 |
1050-1120
|
w,a |
510-710 |
205 |
240 |
30 |
55 |
| X2CrNiMo17 12 |
1020-1120
|
w,a |
490-690 |
190 |
225 |
40 |
55 |
| X2CrNiMoN17 12 |
1020-1120
|
w,a |
580-780 |
280 |
315 |
35 |
55 |
| X2CrNiMo17 13 |
1020-1120
|
w,a |
490-690 |
190 |
225 |
40 |
55 |
| X2CrNiMoN17 13 |
1020-1120
|
w,a |
580-780 |
280 |
315 |
35 |
55 |
| X2CrNiMoN17 13 5 |
1040-1120
|
w,a |
580-800 |
285 |
320 |
35 |
55 |
| X5CrNiMo17 12 |
1020-1120
|
w,a |
510-710 |
205 |
240 |
40 |
55 |
| X5CrNiMo17 13 |
1020-1120
|
w,a |
510-710 |
205 |
240 |
40 |
55 |
| X7CrNiMo17 12 |
1050-1120
|
w,a |
510-710 |
205 |
240 |
40 |
55 |
| X7CrNiMoB17 12 |
1050-1120
|
w,a |
510-710 |
205 |
240 |
40 |
55 |
| X6CrNiMoTi17 12 |
1020-1120
|
w,a |
510-710 |
210 |
245 |
35 |
55 |
| X6CrNiMoNb17 12 |
1020-1120
|
w,a |
510-710 |
215 |
250 |
30 |
55 |
| X3CrNiMo18 16 4 |
1050-1120
|
w,a |
490-690 |
195 |
230 |
35 |
55 |
| X2NiCrMoCu25 20 5 |
1050-1150
|
w,a |
520-720 |
220 |
255 |
35 |
55 |
| X8NiCrAlTi32 21 TQ1 |
1050-1150
|
w,a |
430-680 |
165 |
205 |
25 |
55 |
| X8NiCrAlTi32 21 TQ2 |
950-1050
|
w,a |
500-750 |
210 |
245 |
22 |
55 |
| X7NiCrAlTi32 21 TQ1 |
1050-1150
|
w,a |
430-680 |
165 |
205 |
25 |
55 |
| X7NiCrAlTi32 21 TQ2 |
950-1050
|
w,a |
500-750 |
210 |
245 |
22 |
55 |
|
|
① w - 水冷;a - 强风冷。
3.ISO 标准压力容器用奥氏体型不锈钢板和钢带的高温力学性能,见表5-2-27。
表5-2-27 压力容器用奥氏体型不锈钢板和钢带的高温力学性能① |
| 钢号 |
150℃以上的0.2/MPa
(在下列温度℃时) |
150℃以上的0.2/MPa
(在下列温度℃时) |
| 150 |
200 |
300 |
400 |
500 |
600 |
150 |
200 |
300 |
400 |
500 |
600 |
| X2CrNi18 10 |
116 |
104 |
88 |
81 |
76 |
72 |
150 |
137 |
122 |
110 |
102 |
110 |
| X2CrNiN18 10 |
169 |
155 |
135 |
123 |
115 |
110 |
201 |
182 |
163 |
149 |
140 |
131 |
| X5CrNi18 9 |
126 |
114 |
98 |
89 |
84 |
79 |
160 |
147 |
132 |
120 |
115 |
109 |
| X7CrNi18 9 |
126 |
114 |
98 |
89 |
84 |
79 |
160 |
147 |
132 |
120 |
115 |
109 |
| X6CrNiNb18 10 |
162 |
153 |
139 |
129 |
124 |
121 |
192 |
182 |
166 |
159 |
155 |
151 |
| X6CrNiTi18 10 |
149 |
144 |
135 |
124 |
116 |
108 |
179 |
172 |
158 |
148 |
140 |
135 |
| X7CrNiTi18 10 |
123 |
117 |
110 |
100 |
93 |
88 |
155 |
147 |
133 |
126 |
118 |
115 |
| X7CrNiNb18 10 |
162 |
153 |
139 |
129 |
124 |
121 |
192 |
182 |
116 |
159 |
155 |
151 |
| X2CrNiMo17 12 |
130 |
120 |
101 |
90 |
84 |
79 |
161 |
149 |
133 |
123 |
115 |
110 |
| X2CrNiMoN17 12 |
178 |
164 |
146 |
136 |
129 |
124 |
208 |
192 |
172 |
161 |
152 |
144 |
| X2CrNiMo17 13 |
130 |
120 |
101 |
90 |
84 |
79 |
161 |
149 |
133 |
123 |
115 |
110 |
| X2CrNiMoN17 13 |
178 |
164 |
146 |
136 |
129 |
124 |
208 |
192 |
172 |
161 |
152 |
144 |
| X2CrNiMoN17 13 5 |
182 |
167 |
149 |
138 |
131 |
126 |
211 |
192 |
175 |
164 |
155 |
147 |
| X5CrNiMo17 12 |
144 |
132 |
113 |
101 |
95 |
90 |
172 |
159 |
143 |
133 |
125 |
119 |
| X5CrNiMo17 13 |
144 |
132 |
113 |
101 |
95 |
90 |
172 |
159 |
143 |
133 |
125 |
119 |
| X7CrNiMo17 12 |
144 |
132 |
113 |
101 |
95 |
90 |
172 |
159 |
143 |
133 |
125 |
119 |
| X7CrNiMoB17 12 |
144 |
132 |
113 |
101 |
95 |
90 |
172 |
159 |
143 |
133 |
125 |
119 |
| X6CrNiMoTi17 12 |
148 |
137 |
117 |
105 |
99 |
93 |
183 |
169 |
152 |
142 |
133 |
127 |
| X6CrNiMoNb17 12 |
153 |
141 |
121 |
109 |
102 |
97 |
186 |
172 |
155 |
145 |
136 |
130 |
| X3CrNiMo18 16 4 |
134 |
124 |
105 |
94 |
87 |
82 |
165 |
152 |
136 |
126 |
118 |
113 |
| X2NiCrMoCu25 20 5 |
165 |
155 |
135 |
125 |
- |
- |
195 |
185 |
165 |
155 |
- |
- |
|
| ① 钢材厚度3-75mm,在热处理状态下测定:带括号的为外推法的数据。 |
|
|
|